When using the words, thoughts or images of others, summarising, paraphrasing or using quotations you must acknowledge everything that you use.
Why it’s important:
- to support your ideas and arguments
- to show the variety and breadth of your research
- to help the reader trace your source material
- to acknowledge your sources and avoid plagiarism
- to meet the assessment criteria – done correctly, it can get you a higher mark!
Examples of how to reference in your bibliography or reference list are listed below. Please ask if the format you need is not shown and we will add it for you.
Author (Year) Title of the advert [Billboard at …]. Day month.
Title of the Magazine (Year) ‘Title of the advert’ [Advertisement]. Date, page(s).
Title of the Newspaper (Year) ‘Title of the advert’ [Advertisement]. Day month, page(s).
Author (Year) Title of the advert [Advertisement]. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
Author (Year) Title of the advert [Advertisement on …]. Day month.
Reference online books in the same way as the printed version
Author (Year) Title of the book. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher.
Include the year of the original publication AND the reprint year:
Author (Year – original) Title of the book. Reprint, Place of publication: Publisher, Year of Reprint.
Author, Author and Author (Year) Title of the book. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher.
Title of the book (Year) Place of publication: Publisher.
Editor (ed.) (Year) Title of the book. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher.
Author of the chapter (Year) ‘Title of the chapter’, in Editor (ed.) Title of the book. Place of publication: Publisher, page(s).
Government Department (Year) Title of the publication. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
Author (Year) Title of the book. Place of publication: Publisher, page(s), format.
Photographer (Year) Title of the image. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
Where a print version exists, reference online journal articles in the same way as the printed version
Author (Year) ‘Title of the article’, Title of the Journal, volume(part, month, season or date), page(s).
Author (Year) ‘Title of the article’, Title of the Journal, volume(part, month, season or date), page(s). Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
Where a print version exists, reference online newspapers in the same way as the printed version
Author (Year) ‘Title of the article’, Title of the Newspaper (Section), day month, page(s).
Title of the Newspaper (Year) ‘Title of the article’, day month, page(s).
Author (Year) ‘Title of the article’, Title of the Newspaper, day month. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
Sender (Year) Email to …, day month.
Interviewer (Year) Interview with …, day month.
Sender (Year) Letter to …, day month.
Speaker (Year) Skype conversation with …, day month.
Caller (Year) Telephone conversation with …, day month.
Title of the Programme (Year) Name of the Channel, day month. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
Book of the Bible Chapter: verse, Holy Bible. Version of the Bible.
Qur’an Surah: verse (Year) Translated by … Place of publication: Publisher.
Torah Book Chapter: verse.
Title of the Programme (Year) Name of the Channel, day month.
‘Title of the episode’ (Year) Title of the Programme, Series number, episode number. Name of the Channel, day month.
Title of the Programme (Year) Name of the Channel, day month. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
Author (Year) Title of the webpage. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
Title of the webpage (Year) Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
URL (no date) (Accessed: date).
This is unlikely to be a suitable source to use for your coursework.
‘Title of the Wiki article’ (Year) Title of the Wiki site. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
Author (Year) Title of the video. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
Facebook
Author (Year) Title of the page [Facebook] day month. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
Instagram
Author (Year) [Instagram] day month. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
Twitter
Author (Year) [Twitter] day month. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).