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Book Doctors

You need to acknowledge your sources at the point where the information is being used.  This is called a citation.  Citations contain the author’s last name, the year of publication and page number(s) where appropriate and link to the corresponding reference in your bibliography or reference list.

Click the headings below to see examples of how to cite sources in your work.

How to cite

Short quotations

Use quotation marks and state the author, date and page number(s):

“Despite equal pay laws, women still earn, on average, only about 80 per cent per hour of what men earn.” (Walsh, 2011, p. 119)

You can also use…

According to Walsh “Despite equal pay laws, women still earn, on average, only about 80 per cent per hour of what men earn.” (2011, p. 119)

When using online material, use only the author and date if a page number is not available.

Longer quotations

Quotation marks are not used for longer quotations.  Instead, indent the quote from the body of your text:

On the surface, it is easy to see celebrity charitable endorsements as acts of altruism.  However, as Kapoor states:

…it is deeply invested in self-interest and promotion, backed by a massive marketing machine that includes management and talent agencies, entertainment lawyers, and advertising and public relations firms, each often tied to larger entertainment interests.  The integration of celebrity philanthropy and branding has enabled the creation of brand identity (the ‘humanitarian celebrity’).  (2013, p. 19)

As such, the perception of consumers can be seen to…

Inserting your own words in quotations

You can use ‘[ ]’ to add your own words to give clarification to a quote:

“The direct cost of obesity [to the NHS] is estimated to be £4.2 billion a year” (Byfield, 2012).

Omitting words from quotations

You can use ‘…’ to omit sections within a continuing quote:

“Since 2008 … the rich in both the US and UK manoeuvred to become much richer” (Dorling, 2014, p. 89).

More than three authors

When there are more than three authors, you only need to state the name of the first author followed by ‘et al.’ (this means ‘and others’):

Longhurst et al. (2008) argues that…

No author

Use the title of the source when there is no author.  This should be italicized:

Current research (World Development Report, 2013) documents…

Multiple sources by the same author in the same year

When you are using multiple sources from the same author in the same year you need to include lower case letters (e.g. ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’ etc.) to differentiate them:

Ronson (2015b) argues that…

No date

Use ‘no date’ if there is no date of publication available:

One view (Johnston, no date) can be seen to…

Please come and ask if you have any questions – we are happy to help!

Definitions

Reference List
A list at the end of your work giving full details of the sources which you have referred to within your text.

Bibliography
A list at the end of your work giving full details of the sources which you have consulted but not necessarily referred to within your text (e.g. background reading).

In-text Citation
Information in the body of your work showing the source you are referring to at the point of use.

Style notes

Pages
Use p. for a single page, pp. for two or more pages e.g. p. 4, pp. 4-5

2014/15 Calendar

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Book Group

  • Reading Buddies
    Reading Buddies
    November 10, 2016
  • Year 7 Reading Survey
    Year 7 Reading Survey
    September 5, 2016

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